International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy

HP본편에선 크게 신경쓰지않았었는데 볼디가 가진 논리는 더 극단적으로 인사이드..법사 내 머글본 차별까지 적용된다면 겔의 for the greater good은 <머글보다 법사가 우월 그러므로 더 숨어살지말자(국제비밀법령부셔) 법사가 지배하겠다 살생도 불사함 외냐 더큰선을위해> 이 느낌인데(더할수도있고 얘으 머혐범위는 아직온고잉이니까

DH에서 아리아나 숨어살았던 이유도 저 법령 관련된다고하고 FB에서 피쿼리 성격인 줄알았는데 저 법령 있었던거고 분노에 가득찼던 장광설도 저거겨냥이고.. 1편에서 외 우리존재를 숨겨야하죠 하는 해리말에 머글들이 알면,귀찮아지니까! 부탁을 끊임없이 하게된다고..하는 해그리드말도있지만 

공포에 잠식된 머글들이 법사 공격하는(2차세일럼회 언급처럼)경우때문에 주로 어린아이들이 피해보았고(옵스큐러스 발현..)해서 만들어진 법이겠지 일종의 윤리성도 있었을 것이고..FB 줄거리도 이거 갖고 진행될것같은데

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http://harrypotter.wikia.com/wiki/International_Statute_of_Wizarding_Secrecy

The International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy (sometimes referred to as the International Code of Wizarding Secrecy or the International Statute of Secrecy[1]) is a law in the wizarding world that was first signed in 1689,[1] then established officially in 1692.[2] The law was laid down by the International Confederation of Wizards to safeguard the wizarding community from Muggles and hide its presence from the world at large.

1689년 처음으로 signed되어 1692년에 공식적으로 제정됨. 머글들로부터 법사사회를 안전하게 지키고 그들의 존재를 숨기기 위해 제정된 국제법

History

Background

"As the witch-hunts grew ever fiercer, wizarding families began to live double lives, using charms of concealment to protect themselves and their families. By the seventeenth century, any witch or wizard who chose to fraternise with Muggles became suspect, even an outcast in his or her own community."

—Albus Dumbledore's notes on The Wizard and the Hopping Pot[src]

마녀사냥이 점점 공격적으로 변하면서부터 법사 가족들은 이중생활을 하게 되었다. 그들 스스로와 가족을 숨기는 주문을 사용하였고.. 17세기부터 머글과 교류하는 친머글주의자인 그 어떤 마녀나 마법사들은 그들이 속한 사회에서 의심받거나 추방되곤 하였다

Wendelin the Weird

Wendelin the Weird is burnt at the stake. Witch-burnings, and wizard persecution by Muggles in general, were a contributing factor in the introduction of the Statute

By the seventeenth century, wizard-Muggle relations were at their worst. Ever since the early fifteenth century, the persecution of witches and wizards gathered pace all over Europe, making many in the wizarding community feel, and justifiably so, that offering to aid their Muggle neighbours with their magic was tantamount to volunteering to fetch the firewood for one's own funeral pyre: many witches and wizards were locked up and sentenced to death on the charge of witchcraft, and while some (such as Lisette de Lapin in 1422) managed to use magic to escape, others like Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington in 1492 were not as lucky and were immediately stripped of their wands. Wizarding families were particularly prone to losing younger family members, whose inability to control their own magic made them noticeable, and vulnerable, to Muggle witch-hunters.

Widespread persecution of wizarding children by Muggles, escalating attempts by Muggles to force witches and wizards to perform magic for Muggle ends and teach them magic, increasing numbers of witch-burnings, including those of Muggles mistakenly burned as witches were the catalysts for some kind of measure to be taken.

In the Great Britain, the newly-created Ministry of Magic attempted to liaise with the Muggle British Monarch (then jointly William III and Mary II) via a special Ministry Delegation, begging them for the protection of wizards under Muggle law. The failure of this attempt at official recognition and protection seems to have been the final straw that forced wizardkind to voluntarily move in the opposite direction toward secrecy.

Enactment

"Upon the signature of the International Statute of Secrecy in 1689, wizards went into hiding for good. It was natural, perhaps, that they formed their own small communities within a community. Many small villages and hamlets attracted several magical families, who banded together for mutual support and protection."

—Bathilda Bagshot, A History of Magic[src]

After heated discussions in the Wizengamot (during which Ralston Potter came out as a great champion of the Statute of Secrecy, as opposed to more "militant members" who voiced their desire to declare war on the Muggles), the Statute was first signed in 1689[1] but it was only three years later, in 1692[2] that it was officially established and effectively started to be enforced by every Ministry of Magic.

The Malfoys were a wealthy and influential wizarding family who, notably, fervently opposed the imposition of the Statute. Despite their espousal of pure-blood values and their strong belief in wizards' superiority over Muggles, the Malfoys had always drawn a sharp distinction between poor Muggles and those with wealth and authority; they had historically been associated with high-born Muggle circles, such as royalty (William the Conqueror and Queen Elizabeth I being notable examples) and aristocracy, which, in part, resulted in their vast collection of Muggle treasures and works of art. Their strong opposition of the Statute was, in short, due to the fact that the law would force them to withdraw from this enjoyable sphere of social life.

Once the Statute was passed into law in 1692, however, the Malfoys cut off all ties with Muggle families, as they realised that further opposition would distance them from the new heart of power: the newly created Ministry of Magic. They performed an abrupt volte-face, and became vocally supportive of the Statute, hotly denying that they had ever fraternised with such people, in spite of the ample evidence to the contrary that wizarding historians assert.[6]

Now that Muggle and wizarding societies were alienated, it seemed only natural for wizards to come together and create, as Professor Bathilda Bagshot put it on her A History of Magic, "their own small communities within a community". Several magical families were attracted to small villages and hamlets, where they could start their own communities, in mutual support and protection, alongside more tolerant and sometimes Confunded Muggles. The villages of Tinworth in Cornwall, Upper Flagley in Yorkshire, Ottery St Catchpole in Devon, and Godric's Hollow in the West Country are a few of the most celebrated of these half-magical dwelling places whose magical communities date back to then.

Contents

The Statute states that each individual Ministry or Council is responsible for hiding the presence of the magical community in their own country. Each Ministry is held responsible for, among other things, the control of magical beasts, curbing public displays of underage magic, and ensuring that magical games and sports are played without risk of discovery.

Clause 73

In 1750, Clause 73 was added to the Statute. The Clause states:

"Each wizarding governing body will be responsible for the concealment, care and control of all magical beasts, beings, and spirits dwelling within its territory's borders. Should any such creature cause harm to, or draw the notice of, the Muggle community, that nation's wizarding governing body will be subject to discipline by the International Confederation of Wizards."

—Clause 73, International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy[src]

Dress guidelines

The Statute also includes dress guidelines for witches and wizards when among Muggles.The Statute states:

"When mingling with Muggles, wizards and witches will adopt an entirely Muggle standard of dress, which will conform as closely as possible to the fashion of the day. Clothing must be appropriate to the climate, the geographical region and the occasion. Nothing self-altering or adjusting is to be worn in front of Muggles."

—International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy[src]

In spite of these clear instructions, clothing misdemeanours have been one of the most common infractions of the International Statute of Secrecy since its inception.[7]

Sports rules

The Statute includes sports guidelines when among Muggles. Wizards and witches are strictly forbidden from taking part in Muggle sports, yet they are allowed to support a Muggle side.[8]

Breaches

Breaches of the Statute, such as using magic in front of Muggles for no good reason, are dealt with by the relevant Ministry, with a variety of punishments available to be enforced upon the offender.

Breaches of Clause 73

Clause 73 has been breached repeatedly, with the countries of Scotland and Tibet among the worst offenders. Scotland is home to the world's largest kelpie, which is known to the Muggle world as the Loch Ness Monster, and is the subject of repeated sightings. In Tibet, the number of Yeti sightings has prompted the International Confederation of Wizards to station an International Task Force in the mountains on a permanent basis.

Other breaches of Clause 73 include the Ilfracombe Incident in 1932.

Originally, Isobel McGonagall followed the Statute by concealing her magical heritage from her Muggle husband, Robert McGonagall Snr. However, when their first daughter Minerva was exhibiting magical powers, Isobel was forced to break the Statute and reveal to her husband the existence of the wizarding world. This shows that wizards and witches with Muggle spouses may reveal the magical world under such circumstances. It was for this reason that Minerva refused to marry Dougal McGregor, fearing to bring up her magical heritage.

When the Minister for Magic introduces him- or herself to the Prime Minister, they can use magic as proof of existence of magic, as Cornelius Fudge performed a transfiguration spell in front of the new Prime Minister as an introduction. It is expected that the Muggle Prime Minister will not tell anyone of this, seeing that probably nobody would believe it anyway, and this breach would not be considered against the law.

Breaches of the sports rules

The rumoured true goal of the Wizarding Supporters of Scottish Rugby Union was to secretly install a gifted Squib on every Scottish rugby team, thus infringing the express prohibition on wizarding interference in Muggle sports set in the Statute of Secrecy. Jim Hamilton and Kelly Brown are two such suspected Squibs.

It is known that Stuart Hogg is a wizard,[9] something which, even though Muggles remain unaware of it, contravenes the Statute of Secrecy.

Other Breaches

Dorcus Twelvetrees enamoured with a No-Maj called Bartholomew Barebone performed tricks for him. As a Scourer descendant, Bartholomew stole her wand and presented it along with other shared secrets to the press gathering others to reveal the whole wizarding world in America. It was by a misfortune on Bartholomew's part to have killed fellow No-Majs suspected of being wizards, he was arrested and imprisoned saving the Magical Congress of the United States of America  (MACUSA) from having to get involved.[10]

In 1926, Newton Scamander was wanted by the Magical Congress of the United States of America for a grade one infraction of the International Statute of Secrecy.[11]

Criticism

During the 20th century, Carlotta Pinkstone famously campaigned for the repeal of the Statute and letting Muggles know about the existence of magic. She was imprisoned several times for breaching the Statute in front of Muggles.

Behind the scenes

Although it is not stated, the year the International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy was established is the same year as the occurrence of the Salem Witch Trials in which numerous people were accused of witchcraft, with nineteen hanged, which could serve as a canon staple to make the Statute validated.

On Question 11 of the Grade 1 Wizards' Ordinary Magic and Basic Aptitude Test, this law is misspelled as "International Statue of Secrecy".

Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, Quidditch Through the Ages and The Tales of Beedle the Bard would appear to be breaches as they are said in-universe to be released to the Muggle world.

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(x: https://www.pottermore.com/writing-by-jk-rowling/macusa-kr)

MACUSA 

기원

미국의 마녀와 마법사들에게 MACUSA라는 약자로 알려져 있는(보통 마-쿠-자로 발음하는) 미합중국 마법 의회는 국제 마법사 비밀 법령이 도입된 후 1693년에 창설되었습니다. 전세계 마법사들은 지하에 숨어 마법사 사회를 세우고 자체적인 구조를 만들어 스스로를 지원한다면, 더 자유롭고 행복한 삶을 살 수 있을지도 모른다는 의구심의 티핑 포인트에 도달해 있었습니다. 이런 감정은 특히 미국에서 격하게 나타났는데, 그 이유는 최근 벌어진 세일럼 마녀 재판 사건 때문이었습니다.

도전 과제

미국은 마법사와 마녀에게 여전히 가장 적대적인 곳 중 하나였습니다. 그 주된 이유는 스카워 후손들인데, 이들은 노마지 사회로 숨어 들었으며 마법에 대한 의심의 불씨를 살려두었습니다. 대부분의 서양 국가들과 달리, 노마지 정부와 MACUSA 사이에 협력 관계는 없었습니다.

1790년, 미국 마법계의 가장 중요한 법률 중 하나가 제정되었습니다. MACUSA가 마법사 사회와 노마지 사회의 완전 분리를 시행하는 칙령을 승인한 것입니다. 당시 대통령이었던 에밀리 래파포트의 이름을 딴 래파포트 법은 역대 최악의 국제 비밀 법령 위배 사건 때문에 제정되었는데, 이 사건으로 래파포트 대통령이 신임하는 보물과 드래고트 관리인의 딸과 스카워의 후손이 마법의 존재를 전세계에 거의 노출시킬 뻔했습니다. 래파포트 법이 통과되면서, 미국 내에서 마법사와 노마지 사이의 결혼은 물론 교우 관계마저도 불법이 되었습니다.

1920년대의 MACUSA

대부분 나라의 마법 정부 기구와 마찬가지로, 마법사 법률 강제 집행부는 MACUSA의 최대 부서입니다.

래파포트 법은 1920년대에도 여전히 시행되고 있었고, MACUSA 내 몇몇 부서와 상응할 만한 부서가 영국의 마법부에는 없었습니다. 예를 들어, 노마지와의 내통을 처리하는 하위 부서나, 시민 및 방문객 등 미국 내 모든 이들이 지참해야 하는 지팡이 허가서 증명소 등이 이에 해당합니다.

당시 미국과 영국 마법부의 가장 큰 차이점은 중대 범죄에 대한 처벌이었습니다. 영국의 마녀와 마법사는 아즈카반으로 보내졌지만, 미국 내 최악의 범죄자는 사형에 처해졌습니다.

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(x: https://www.hp-lexicon.org/thing/international-statute-of-secrecy/) 

The International Statute of Secrecy is a wizarding law which was instituted in 1689 (TBB/WHP) and put into effect in 1692 in order to hide the existence of witches and wizards from the Muggles who persecuted them.

In 1692, the International Confederation of Wizards held a summit. It was established that each Ministry of Magic would be responsible for magical sports in their own country. This led to the formation of the Department of Magical Games and Sports in Britain (QA5). 27 species of magical beasts, beings and spirits were to be hidden from Muggle knowledge (FB).

In 1750, Clause 73 was added to the Statute, which stated that each Ministry would be responsible for the concealment of magical creatures within its territory or face sanction from the ICW (FB).

The Statute also includes guidelines for dress, which state what wizards should wear in order to avoid discovery (Pm).

• Ralston Potter, a member of the Wizengamot, supported the institution of the Statute (Pm).
• The Malfoy family, who associated with Muggle aristocracy and royalty, opposed the signing of the Statute (Pm).
• Clause 73 of the Statute was breached in 1932 when a Welsh Green dragon landed on a Devon beach during the Ilfracombe incident (FB).
• Carlotta Pinkstone famously campaigned to repeal the Statute, and was arrested several times for breaching it (FW).